Chapter 3: Form and Space

Form and Space: The Unity of Opposites

An object occupying space is equally as important as its surroundings. Unity is created between opposites, existing or non-existent (vacant space) when the impact it causes to the viewer is a balanced.

In the image below, the building stands by itself in the middle of negative space.

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Article Title: Tag Archives: negative space

 

Date Accessed: January 30, 2015

 

Defining Space with Horizontal Elements: Depressed Plane

A depressed plane is one that can be found below the ground surface.

An example is this ancient Roman theater made beside a hill.

 

 

 

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Date Accessed: January 30, 2015

 

Defining Space with Vertical Linear Elements: Single Vertical Plane

A single vertical plane can serve to give a space a specific orientation. It can create division between spaces, but at the same time offer a connective path.

 

 

The example below shows a divided space. The sliding glass door divides and unites both spaces. 

 

 

 

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Date Accessed: January 30, 2015

Qualities of Architectural Space: View

 

A view is simply what is visible from inside a space. A view allows for interaction between an interior and its surroundings.

 

In the example below, a large window provides a connection between the inside and a picturesque view of its natural surroundings.

 

 

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Article Title: Large classical opening : Sliding window

 

Date Accessed: January 30, 2015



Openings in Space-Defining Elements: Within Planes

Openings within a space allow for a flow of continuity of space.

In the example below we can see that the opening provides a view of the adjacent space and reduces the degree of enclosure.

 

 

 

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Article Title: A Modern Japanese House With A Surprise Garden Inside - Desi[…]

Electronically Published: June 14, 2013

Date Accessed: January 30, 2015

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2: Form

Chapter 2: Form

Primary Solids

Primary solids are derived from the basic shapes: circles, triangles and squares. When this basic shapes are applied in a three dimensional fashion they make tangible objects that all people come across everyday life. Primary solids are the basis of all three dimensional design.

This image shows how the basic triangular shape was utilized to make the three dimensional pyramid. 

 

 

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Article Title: The Pyramids of Giza

 

Date Accessed: January 22, 2015

Dimensional Transformation
Dimensional Transformation occurs when an existing three dimensional shape is manipulated vertically, horizontally, or in any desired direction.
This illustration shows how a cube has been elongated keeping its original form.

 

 

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Article Title: The ITER Complex: A Gorgeous Green Enclave

 

Date Accessed: January 24, 2015

 

Subtractive Forms

Subtractive transformation is achieved by subtracting an object’s mass while still retaining its initial integrity.

In this illustration a portion has been subtracted from above the counter and the ceiling.

 

 

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Additive Forms: Linear Form

Additive forms can be achieved in a linear form by arranging a series of patterns in a single row.

This illustration shows an additive linear form by the horizontal pattern that extends along the wall.

 

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Date Accessed: January 24, 2015

 

Formal Collision of Geometry: Edges and Corners

When planes meet on the edges a corner is produced. Corners can be made in varying angles and in different kinds of styles. A regular corner simply meet on the edges but it could also be joined by using a distinct element. A corner can also be made even if the edges do not touch creating an intended corner. Rounded corners offer an effect of continuity where two planes meet.

This illustration shows a round corner and a sharp corner where two planes have met.

 

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Article Title: Sunbrella House by Ikeda Yukie Architects - Dezeen

 

Electronically Published: November 28, 2011

 

Date Accessed: January 24, 2015

 

 

Chapter 1: Primary Elements

POINT

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A point is a very important element in drafting or in any other type of composition including a structure of lines. In theory, a point does not possess any length, area, volume or any other dimensional attribute. A point serves the sole purpose of defining a point in space. Although a point has no dimensions it provides the commencement of a line, which in turn, serves to create lines, planes and overall volume of a composition.

PLANE

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Date Accessed: January 15, 2015

A plane is composed of points created by lines that have been combined to create an enclosure. The enclosed space becomes a surface that can be connected with other planes to form a three dimensional figure.

 

 

 

 

VOLUME

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Date Accessed: January 15, 2015

Volume is created when combining points, lines, and planes to produce a three dimensional figure which occupies an area defined by the height and overall base area. In other words, the volume of an object is the amount of space an object occupies.

 

LINE

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Article Title: Composition and the Power of Line - Digital Photography                                

Electronically Published: August 20, 2013

Date Accessed: January 15, 2015

Although a line is infinite and has no width, it attributes to the connection of two points in space. A line is basically the elongation of a point and since it has the ability to connect points it can create planes which in turn produce edges. Lines can be used to provide a sense of direction and create depth within a composition.